1. Crystallography and Product Principles of Silicon Carbide
1.1 Polymorphism and Atomic Bonding in SiC
(Silicon Carbide Ceramic Plates)
Silicon carbide (SiC) is a covalent ceramic substance made up of silicon and carbon atoms in a 1:1 stoichiometric proportion, differentiated by its exceptional polymorphism– over 250 well-known polytypes– all sharing solid directional covalent bonds but differing in stacking sequences of Si-C bilayers.
One of the most technologically appropriate polytypes are 3C-SiC (cubic zinc blende structure), and the hexagonal types 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC, each displaying refined variations in bandgap, electron flexibility, and thermal conductivity that affect their suitability for particular applications.
The stamina of the Si– C bond, with a bond energy of about 318 kJ/mol, underpins SiC’s extraordinary firmness (Mohs solidity of 9– 9.5), high melting point (~ 2700 ° C), and resistance to chemical degradation and thermal shock.
In ceramic plates, the polytype is typically picked based on the meant use: 6H-SiC is common in architectural applications due to its simplicity of synthesis, while 4H-SiC controls in high-power electronic devices for its exceptional charge service provider mobility.
The vast bandgap (2.9– 3.3 eV depending upon polytype) additionally makes SiC an exceptional electric insulator in its pure kind, though it can be doped to operate as a semiconductor in specialized digital gadgets.
1.2 Microstructure and Stage Purity in Ceramic Plates
The performance of silicon carbide ceramic plates is critically based on microstructural features such as grain dimension, density, stage homogeneity, and the existence of second stages or pollutants.
Top notch plates are commonly produced from submicron or nanoscale SiC powders with innovative sintering methods, resulting in fine-grained, completely dense microstructures that make best use of mechanical toughness and thermal conductivity.
Contaminations such as cost-free carbon, silica (SiO â‚‚), or sintering aids like boron or aluminum must be meticulously managed, as they can form intergranular films that reduce high-temperature stamina and oxidation resistance.
Recurring porosity, even at reduced levels (
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